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Electricity Generation Potential Through Solar-Rice Husk Hybrid Power Plant in Nepal and Its Major Paddy Producing Districts

Received: 27 August 2018     Accepted: 17 September 2018     Published: 15 October 2018
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Abstract

Nepal is an agricultural based country having huge potential of rice husk. Out of total electrical energy consumption in Nepal, 22%, 34.76% and 36.58% were imported from India in the years 2016, 2017 and 2018 respectively. Such import can be minimized by generating electricity from solar-rice husk hybrid system. Solar plants have drawbacks of intermittency in day/night cycle and reduced irradiation in winter and cloudy days. Biomass plants have problem associated with continuous supply of seasonal fuel. Those problems can be solved using hybrid system by maximizing the energy potential of these resources, increasing process efficiency, providing greater security of supply and reducing overall cost. The objective of this paper is to estimate electricity generation potential through solar- rice husk hybrid power plant in Nepal and its major paddy producing districts through existing data and forecasting the same for future potential. From existing data, the rice husk growth rate in Nepal was found to be 2.92% and on the basis of that growth rate, future potentials were forecasted. The 20 major paddy producing districts were taken into consideration as 71.15% of total paddy production of Nepal was found to be shared by those districts. The quantity of rice husk was found assuming 20% of paddy converted into rice husk in the mills. The rice husk consumption for cattle feeding was assumed 10% of total rice husk. The electric power from rice husk was calculated assuming 1.3 kg consumption of rice husk for per kWh generation of electricity through steam route and 1.86 kg of rice husk consumption for per kWh electricity generation through gasification route. The average increase rate of land for paddy production and the average increase rate of rice husk production were found to be 0.39% and 2.92% respectively. The electrical energy potentials of Nepal for the years 2015 and 2030 with solar-rice husk hybrid power plant through steam route were found as 100.67 MW and 155.02 MW respectively and through gasification route 70.36 MW and 108.35 MW respectively. The electrical potential for Jhapa district was found the highest values of 7.10 MW and 10.94 MW through steam route and 4.96 MW and 7.64 MW through gasification route for the years 2015 and 2030 respectively. Thus, through solar-rice husk hybrid power plant system, large amount of electricity can be generated locally in Nepal, which in turn can reduce energy import and enhance the better life of the people.

Published in Engineering and Applied Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.eas.20180303.13
Page(s) 74-87
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Rice Husk, Energy Potential, Hybrid System, Electricity Generation

References
[1] Central Bureau of Statistics. (1987, 1991, 2001, 2003, 2009, 2014, 2015). Statistial Year book. Kathmandu: Government of Nepal National Planning Commission Secretariat Central Bureau of Statistics Ramshahpath, Thapathali Kathmandu, Nepal.
[2] Ministry of Agricultural Development. (2014). Statistical Information of Nepalese Agriculture. Kathmandu: Government of Nepal, Ministry of Agricultural Development, Agribusiness Promotion and Statistics Division, AgriStatistics section, Singha Durbar, Kathmandu.
[3] Nepal Electrical Authority. (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018). Annual Report-2014. Kathmandu: Nepal Electrical Authority.
[4] WECS. (2017, January). Electricity Demand Forecast Report -ministry of energy. Retrieved from www.moen.gov.np/pdf_files/Electricity-Demand-Forecast-Report-2014-2040.pdf.
[5] Smith, J. (2007, November 1). Combined Heat and Power from Rice Husk. Retrieved from www.bioenergyconsult.com/tag/rice-husk/.
[6] Zafar, S. (2015, November 29). Bioenergy Consult accessed on 13th June 2016. Retrieved from www.bioenergyconsult.com/tag/rice-husk/.
[7] Bhattacharayya, S. C. (2014). Viability of off-grid electricity supply using rice husk: A case study from South Asia. Biomass and Bioenergy, 44-54.
[8] Sahoo, U. (2015). Scope and sustainability of hybrid solar. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 304-316.
[9] Asian Development Bank. (2013). Solid Waste Management in Nepal Current Status and Policy Recommendations. Retrieved from https://www.adb.org/.../30366/solid-waste-management-nepal.pdf.
[10] Hitofumi Abe, A. K. (2007). Potential for rural electrification based on biomass gasification. Biomass and Bioenergy, 656–664.
[11] Blezinger, S. B. (2003). some by-product feeds can be used to add extra fiber. Retrieved from www.cattletoday.com/archive/2003/March/CT257.shtml accessed on 7/2/2016.
[12] Md. Risat Abedin, H. S. (2014). Electricity from Rice Husk: A Potential Way to Electrify Rural Bangladesh. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 604-609.
[13] T.Srinivas. (2014). Hybrid solar-biomass power plant without energy storage. case studies in thermal engineering, 75-81.
[14] World Bank. (n.d.). GDP growth (annual %) | Data - World Bank Data - World Bank Group. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=EG.
[15] World Bank. (n.d.). Agriculture, value added (annual % growth) - World Bank Data. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.AGR.TOTL.KD.ZG.
[16] National Statistics office, Central Bureau of Statistics, Nepal. (2017). GDP shared by different sectors. Kathmandu: Unpublished data.
[17] World Bank. (n.d.). Population growth (annual %) | Data - World Bank Open Data. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.GROW.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Ram Dayal Yadav, Ajay Kumar Jha, Nawraj Bhattarai. (2018). Electricity Generation Potential Through Solar-Rice Husk Hybrid Power Plant in Nepal and Its Major Paddy Producing Districts. Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3(3), 74-87. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20180303.13

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    ACS Style

    Ram Dayal Yadav; Ajay Kumar Jha; Nawraj Bhattarai. Electricity Generation Potential Through Solar-Rice Husk Hybrid Power Plant in Nepal and Its Major Paddy Producing Districts. Eng. Appl. Sci. 2018, 3(3), 74-87. doi: 10.11648/j.eas.20180303.13

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    AMA Style

    Ram Dayal Yadav, Ajay Kumar Jha, Nawraj Bhattarai. Electricity Generation Potential Through Solar-Rice Husk Hybrid Power Plant in Nepal and Its Major Paddy Producing Districts. Eng Appl Sci. 2018;3(3):74-87. doi: 10.11648/j.eas.20180303.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.eas.20180303.13,
      author = {Ram Dayal Yadav and Ajay Kumar Jha and Nawraj Bhattarai},
      title = {Electricity Generation Potential Through Solar-Rice Husk Hybrid Power Plant in Nepal and Its Major Paddy Producing Districts},
      journal = {Engineering and Applied Sciences},
      volume = {3},
      number = {3},
      pages = {74-87},
      doi = {10.11648/j.eas.20180303.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20180303.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.eas.20180303.13},
      abstract = {Nepal is an agricultural based country having huge potential of rice husk. Out of total electrical energy consumption in Nepal, 22%, 34.76% and 36.58% were imported from India in the years 2016, 2017 and 2018 respectively. Such import can be minimized by generating electricity from solar-rice husk hybrid system. Solar plants have drawbacks of intermittency in day/night cycle and reduced irradiation in winter and cloudy days. Biomass plants have problem associated with continuous supply of seasonal fuel. Those problems can be solved using hybrid system by maximizing the energy potential of these resources, increasing process efficiency, providing greater security of supply and reducing overall cost. The objective of this paper is to estimate electricity generation potential through solar- rice husk hybrid power plant in Nepal and its major paddy producing districts through existing data and forecasting the same for future potential. From existing data, the rice husk growth rate in Nepal was found to be 2.92% and on the basis of that growth rate, future potentials were forecasted. The 20 major paddy producing districts were taken into consideration as 71.15% of total paddy production of Nepal was found to be shared by those districts. The quantity of rice husk was found assuming 20% of paddy converted into rice husk in the mills. The rice husk consumption for cattle feeding was assumed 10% of total rice husk. The electric power from rice husk was calculated assuming 1.3 kg consumption of rice husk for per kWh generation of electricity through steam route and 1.86 kg of rice husk consumption for per kWh electricity generation through gasification route. The average increase rate of land for paddy production and the average increase rate of rice husk production were found to be 0.39% and 2.92% respectively. The electrical energy potentials of Nepal for the years 2015 and 2030 with solar-rice husk hybrid power plant through steam route were found as 100.67 MW and 155.02 MW respectively and through gasification route 70.36 MW and 108.35 MW respectively. The electrical potential for Jhapa district was found the highest values of 7.10 MW and 10.94 MW through steam route and 4.96 MW and 7.64 MW through gasification route for the years 2015 and 2030 respectively. Thus, through solar-rice husk hybrid power plant system, large amount of electricity can be generated locally in Nepal, which in turn can reduce energy import and enhance the better life of the people.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Electricity Generation Potential Through Solar-Rice Husk Hybrid Power Plant in Nepal and Its Major Paddy Producing Districts
    AU  - Ram Dayal Yadav
    AU  - Ajay Kumar Jha
    AU  - Nawraj Bhattarai
    Y1  - 2018/10/15
    PY  - 2018
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20180303.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.eas.20180303.13
    T2  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
    JF  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
    JO  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
    SP  - 74
    EP  - 87
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1468
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20180303.13
    AB  - Nepal is an agricultural based country having huge potential of rice husk. Out of total electrical energy consumption in Nepal, 22%, 34.76% and 36.58% were imported from India in the years 2016, 2017 and 2018 respectively. Such import can be minimized by generating electricity from solar-rice husk hybrid system. Solar plants have drawbacks of intermittency in day/night cycle and reduced irradiation in winter and cloudy days. Biomass plants have problem associated with continuous supply of seasonal fuel. Those problems can be solved using hybrid system by maximizing the energy potential of these resources, increasing process efficiency, providing greater security of supply and reducing overall cost. The objective of this paper is to estimate electricity generation potential through solar- rice husk hybrid power plant in Nepal and its major paddy producing districts through existing data and forecasting the same for future potential. From existing data, the rice husk growth rate in Nepal was found to be 2.92% and on the basis of that growth rate, future potentials were forecasted. The 20 major paddy producing districts were taken into consideration as 71.15% of total paddy production of Nepal was found to be shared by those districts. The quantity of rice husk was found assuming 20% of paddy converted into rice husk in the mills. The rice husk consumption for cattle feeding was assumed 10% of total rice husk. The electric power from rice husk was calculated assuming 1.3 kg consumption of rice husk for per kWh generation of electricity through steam route and 1.86 kg of rice husk consumption for per kWh electricity generation through gasification route. The average increase rate of land for paddy production and the average increase rate of rice husk production were found to be 0.39% and 2.92% respectively. The electrical energy potentials of Nepal for the years 2015 and 2030 with solar-rice husk hybrid power plant through steam route were found as 100.67 MW and 155.02 MW respectively and through gasification route 70.36 MW and 108.35 MW respectively. The electrical potential for Jhapa district was found the highest values of 7.10 MW and 10.94 MW through steam route and 4.96 MW and 7.64 MW through gasification route for the years 2015 and 2030 respectively. Thus, through solar-rice husk hybrid power plant system, large amount of electricity can be generated locally in Nepal, which in turn can reduce energy import and enhance the better life of the people.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Pulchowk, Nepal

  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Pulchowk, Nepal

  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Pulchowk, Nepal

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