| Peer-Reviewed

Recent Results on Sliding Collapse for Masonry Structures Under Static Load Test

Received: 21 October 2016     Accepted: 8 November 2016     Published: 24 January 2017
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

This paper presents experimental test on sliding collapse. An array of up to fifty three tests on dry masonry specimens has been performed. Each specimen is subjected only to self-weight and to a horizontal load, whose position is chosen from a predefined set of three different locations. For the rest of properties, all specimens are totally equal. For each of the three locations, two sub-arrays of ten specimens and one of thirty-three have been tested. For each specimen, pieces layout is randomly performed so that imperfections randomly spread throughout the specimen as well. The main aim of this work is the comparison of these static tests with the results obtained from several commonly used numerical methods, especially with the ones retrieved under the non-Standard Limit Analysis. This paper shows that when the contribution of mortar to the strength of the structure cannot be taken into account and collapse by sliding occurs, the solution for collapse load and mechanism can be multiple. Hence, and since the solution is not necessarily unique, we should carefully consider the limits under which all methods finding a unique solution can be used.

Published in Engineering and Applied Sciences (Volume 1, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.eas.20160104.14
Page(s) 99-106
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Dry Stone Masonry Walls, Sliding Friction, Static Tests, Numerical Methods, Non-associative Limit Analysis

References
[1] Roca, P., Cervera, M., and Gariup, G. 2010. Structural analysis of masonry historical constructions. Classical and advanced approaches. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, 17 (3): 299-325.
[2] Kooharian, A. 1952. Limit Analysis of Voussoir (segmental) and Concrete Arches. Proceedings of American Concrete Institute, Vol. 49-24, pp.317-328.
[3] Heyman J. 1966. The stone skeleton. International Journal of Solids and Structures.. Vol. 2, 2, pp. 249-256.
[4] Orduña, A. & Lourenço, P. B. 2001. Limit analysis as a tool for the simplified assessment of ancient masonry structures. Historical Constructions, Guimarães: University of Minho, pp 511-520.
[5] Gilbert M. 2007. Limit analysis applied to masonry arch bridges: state-of-the-art and recent developments. In 5th International Arch Bridges Conference, pp. 13-28.
[6] Charnes, A. and Greenberg, H. J. 1951. Plastic collapse and linear programming. Bulletin of the American Mathematics Society, Vol.57, pp.480.
[7] Dorn W. S. 1955. On the Plastic Collapse of Structures and Linear Programming. Dissertations. Carnegie Institute of Technology. Paper 85.
[8] Charnes, A., Lemke, C. E. and Zienkiewicz, O. C. 1959. Virtual Work, Linear Programming and Plastic Limit Analysis. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 251, 1264, pp. 110-116.
[9] Livesley R. K. 1978. Limit analysis of structures formed from rigid blocks. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol.12, 12, pp. 1853-1871.
[10] Gilbert, M., and Melbourne, C. 1994. Rigid-block analysis of masonry structures. Structural engineer, 72 (21).
[11] Drucker, D. C. 1953. Coulomb friction, plasticity, and limit loads. Sliding friction versus plastic resistance. Transactions of American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Vol.76, pp. 71, 74.
[12] Fishwick, R. J. 1996. Limit analysis of rigid block structures. Ph. D. thesis. Department of Civil Engineering University of Portsmouth.
[13] Magdalena F. 2013. El problema del rozamiento en el análisis de estructuras de fábrica mediante modelos de sólidos rígidos. Ph. D. thesis. Technical University Madrid.
[14] Ferris, M. C. & Tin-Loi, F. 2001. Limit analysis of frictional block assemblies as a mathematical program with complementarity constraints. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 43 (1), 209-224. doi:10.1016/S0020-7403 (99) 00111-3.
[15] Cottle, R. W., Pang, J. S. and Stone, R. E. 2009. The linear complementarity problem. SIAM. Classics in Applied Mathematics. doi:10.1137/1.97808987190 00.
[16] Garey, M. R. and Johnson, D. S. 1979. Computers and intractability. New York: Freeman.
[17] Hu, J., Mitchell, J. E., Pang, J. S., Bennett, K. P. & Kunapuli, G. 2008. On the global solution of linear programs with linear complementarity constraints. SIAM Journal on Optimization, 19 (1), 445-471. doi:10.1137/07068463x.
[18] Gilbert, M., Casapulla, C. and Ahmed, H. M. 2006. Limit analysis of masonry block structures with non-associative frictional joints using linear programming. Computers & Structures, 84 (13), pp. 873-887. doi:10.1016/j.compstruc. 2006.02.005.
[19] Magdalena F. and Hernando J. I. 2013. Análisis límite de estructuras de fábrica como problema de contacto unilateral: resolución por el método de Monte Carlo. Proceedings 2nd International Congress on Mechanical Models in Structural Engineering, pp. 68-77.
[20] Pippard, A. J. S., & Ashby, R. J. 1939. An experimental study of the voussoir arch. Journal of the ICE, 10 (3), 383-404.
[21] Hendry, A. W., Davies, S. R, Royles, R, Ponniah, D. A, Forde, M. C, and Komeyli-Birjandi, F. 1986. Load test to collapse on a masonry arch bridge at bargower, strathclyde. Transport and Road Research Laboratory.
[22] Melbourne C. and Walker P. J. 1990. Load test to collapse on a full scale model six meter span brick arch bridge. Transport and Road Research Laboratory. No. CR 189.
[23] Feilberg, K. 1999. Bending and Shear Tests with Masonry. SBI Bulletin 123. Danish Building Research Institute.
[24] Bernardini, A., Modena, C. and Valluzzi, M. R. 1998. Load transfer mechanisms in masonry: Friction along a crack within a brick. Materials and Structures, Vol,31 pp. 42-48. doi:10.1007/BF02486413.
[25] Oliveira, D. V. 2000. Mechanical characterization of stone and brick masonry. Report 00-Dec/E-4, Universidade do Minho, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Guimarães, Portugal.
[26] Restrepo-Vélez, L. F., and Magenes, G. 2009. Static tests on dry stone masonry and evaluation of static collapse multipliers. ROSE Research Report 2009/02.
[27] Restrepo Vélez, L. F., Magenes, G., and Griffith, M. C. 2012. Dry Stone Masonry Walls in Bending–Part I: Static Tests. International Journal of Architectural Heritage.
[28] Baggio, C. and Trovalusci, P. 1995. Stone assemblies under in-plane actions: comparison between nonlinear discrete approaches. In Computer methods in structural masonry. Ed. Middleton, J. and Pande, G. N. Vol. 3 pp. 184-193.
[29] Durstenfeld, R. 1964. Algorithm 235: Random permutation. Communications of the ACM 7 (7): 420. doi:10.1145/364520.364540.
[30] Davison, A. C. and Hinkley, D. V. 1997. Bootstrap methods and their application, Vol.1. Cambridge university press.
[31] C. Casapulla, L. U. Argiento. 2016. The comparative role of friction in local out-of-plane mechanisms of masonry buildings. Pushover analysis and experimental investigation. Engineering Structures. Vol. 126, pp 158–173.
[32] Casapulla, C., Argiento L. U., Da Porto F., Bonaldo D. 2016. The relevance of frictional resistances in out-of-plane mechanisms of block masonry structures. Proceedings of the 16th International Brick and Block Masonry Conference, Padova. Pp 119-127.
[33] Casapulla, C., Portioli, F. 2016. Experimental tests on the limit states of dry-jointed tuff blocks. Materials and Structures. Vol 49 (3), pp. 751-767.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Fernando Magdalena, Antonio Aznar, Juan F. de la Torre, José I. Hernando. (2017). Recent Results on Sliding Collapse for Masonry Structures Under Static Load Test. Engineering and Applied Sciences, 1(4), 99-106. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20160104.14

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Fernando Magdalena; Antonio Aznar; Juan F. de la Torre; José I. Hernando. Recent Results on Sliding Collapse for Masonry Structures Under Static Load Test. Eng. Appl. Sci. 2017, 1(4), 99-106. doi: 10.11648/j.eas.20160104.14

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Fernando Magdalena, Antonio Aznar, Juan F. de la Torre, José I. Hernando. Recent Results on Sliding Collapse for Masonry Structures Under Static Load Test. Eng Appl Sci. 2017;1(4):99-106. doi: 10.11648/j.eas.20160104.14

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.eas.20160104.14,
      author = {Fernando Magdalena and Antonio Aznar and Juan F. de la Torre and José I. Hernando},
      title = {Recent Results on Sliding Collapse for Masonry Structures Under Static Load Test},
      journal = {Engineering and Applied Sciences},
      volume = {1},
      number = {4},
      pages = {99-106},
      doi = {10.11648/j.eas.20160104.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20160104.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.eas.20160104.14},
      abstract = {This paper presents experimental test on sliding collapse. An array of up to fifty three tests on dry masonry specimens has been performed. Each specimen is subjected only to self-weight and to a horizontal load, whose position is chosen from a predefined set of three different locations. For the rest of properties, all specimens are totally equal. For each of the three locations, two sub-arrays of ten specimens and one of thirty-three have been tested. For each specimen, pieces layout is randomly performed so that imperfections randomly spread throughout the specimen as well. The main aim of this work is the comparison of these static tests with the results obtained from several commonly used numerical methods, especially with the ones retrieved under the non-Standard Limit Analysis. This paper shows that when the contribution of mortar to the strength of the structure cannot be taken into account and collapse by sliding occurs, the solution for collapse load and mechanism can be multiple. Hence, and since the solution is not necessarily unique, we should carefully consider the limits under which all methods finding a unique solution can be used.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Recent Results on Sliding Collapse for Masonry Structures Under Static Load Test
    AU  - Fernando Magdalena
    AU  - Antonio Aznar
    AU  - Juan F. de la Torre
    AU  - José I. Hernando
    Y1  - 2017/01/24
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20160104.14
    DO  - 10.11648/j.eas.20160104.14
    T2  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
    JF  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
    JO  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
    SP  - 99
    EP  - 106
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1468
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20160104.14
    AB  - This paper presents experimental test on sliding collapse. An array of up to fifty three tests on dry masonry specimens has been performed. Each specimen is subjected only to self-weight and to a horizontal load, whose position is chosen from a predefined set of three different locations. For the rest of properties, all specimens are totally equal. For each of the three locations, two sub-arrays of ten specimens and one of thirty-three have been tested. For each specimen, pieces layout is randomly performed so that imperfections randomly spread throughout the specimen as well. The main aim of this work is the comparison of these static tests with the results obtained from several commonly used numerical methods, especially with the ones retrieved under the non-Standard Limit Analysis. This paper shows that when the contribution of mortar to the strength of the structure cannot be taken into account and collapse by sliding occurs, the solution for collapse load and mechanism can be multiple. Hence, and since the solution is not necessarily unique, we should carefully consider the limits under which all methods finding a unique solution can be used.
    VL  - 1
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Building Construction, Edification School, Technical University, Madrid, Spain

  • Department of Building Structures, Architecture School, Technical University, Madrid, Spain

  • Department of Building Structures, Architecture School, Technical University, Madrid, Spain

  • Department of Building Structures, Architecture School, Technical University, Madrid, Spain

  • Sections